Scientific References: 1. Clarkson PM, e. (2019). Muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase activity following isometric, eccentric, and concentric exercise. - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3733311 [Accessed 28 Mar. 2019].
2. Oranchuk, D., Storey, A., Nelson, A. and Cronin, J. (2019). Isometric training and long-term adaptations: Effects of muscle length, intensity, and intent: A systematic review.
3. Doguet V, e. (2019). Muscle length effect on corticospinal excitability during maximal concentric, isometric and eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28796385 [Accessed 28 Mar. 2019].
4. Girard, O, et al. “Changes in Exercise Characteristics, Maximal Voluntary Contraction, and Explosive Strength during Prolonged Tennis Playing.” British Journal of Sports Medicine, BMJ Group, June 2006, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2465109/.
5. “Isometric Resistance Training Increases Strength and Alters Histopathology of Dystrophin-Deficient Mouse Skeletal Muscle.” Journal of Applied Physiology, www.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/japplphysiol.00948.2018.
6. Edward R. Laskowski, M.D. “Are Isometric Exercises Good for Strength Training?” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 17 Jan. 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/expert-answers/isometric-exercises/faq-20058186.
7. Sears, Brett. “Isometric Exercise in Physical Therapy.” Verywell Health, www.verywellhealth.com/isometric-exercise-in-physical-therapy-2696510.
8. Oliver, Kyra. “Why Isometric Exercises Belong in Your Exercise Routine.” Dr. Axe, 25 Oct. 2015, draxe.com/isometric-exercises/.
9. Kubo, K, et al. “Effects of Different Duration Isometric Contractions on Tendon Elasticity in Human Quadriceps Muscles.” The Journal of Physiology, Blackwell Science Inc, 15 Oct. 2001, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2278867/.
10. Folland, Jonathan P, et al. “Strength Training: Isometric Training at a Range of Joint Angles versus Dynamic Training.” Journal of Sports Sciences, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Aug. 2005, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195033.
11. Higuchi, Takatoshi, et al. “The Acute and Chronic Effects of Isometric Contraction Conditioning on Baseball Bat Velocity.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Jan. 2013, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23254491.
12. Grøntved, Anders, et al. “Muscle Strength in Youth and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adulthood (the European Youth Heart Study).” British Journal of Sports Medicine, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Jan. 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23525553.
13. Naugle, Kelly M, et al. “Reduced Modulation of Pain in Older Adults After Isometric and Aerobic Exercise.” The Journal of Pain : Official Journal of the American Pain Society, U.S. National Library of Medicine, June 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5006180/.
14. Schmidt, Julianne Denice, et al. “Isometric Cervical Muscle Strength Mitigates Head Impact Severity.” British Journal of Sports Medicine, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 1 Apr. 2013, bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/5/e1.47.altmetrics.
15. Moussouli, Maria, et al. “Effects of Stabilization Exercises on Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Chronic Low Back Pain.” Journal of Physical Activity & Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Sept. 2014, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24184617.
16. Edwards, Peter, et al. “EXERCISE REHABILITATION IN THE NON-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF ROTATOR CUFF TEARS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.” International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, Sports Physical Therapy Section, Apr. 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4827371/.
17. “Exercise Training for Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis.” Journal of the American Heart Association, www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.112.004473.
18. Zoladz, Jerzy A, et al. “Isometric Strength Training Lowers the O2 Cost of Cycling during Moderate-Intensity Exercise.” European Journal of Applied Physiology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Dec. 2012, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22526253.
19. Suominen, Harri. “Muscle Training for Bone Strength.” Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Apr. 2006, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702776.
20. Blackburn, J Troy, and Marc F Norcross. “The Effects of Isometric and Isotonic Training on Hamstring Stiffness and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading Mechanisms.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Feb. 2014, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268874.
21. Beckham, G, et al. “Relationships of Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Variables to Weightlifting Performance.” The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Oct. 2013, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23903539.
22. Chrysant, Steven G. “Current Evidence on the Hemodynamic and Blood Pressure Effects of Isometric Exercise in Normotensive and Hypertensive Persons.” Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), U.S. National Library of Medicine, Sept. 2010, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20883233.
23. Willis, Leslie H, et al. “Effects of Aerobic and/or Resistance Training on Body Mass and Fat Mass in Overweight or Obese Adults.” Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), American Physiological Society, 15 Dec. 2012, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544497/.
24. Heinonen, Ilkka, et al. “Bone Blood Flow and Metabolism in Humans: Effect of Muscular Exercise and Other Physiological Perturbations.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, U.S. National Library of Medicine, May 2013, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23280932.
25. Tillin, Neale Anthony, et al. “Explosive Force Production during Isometric Squats Correlates with Athletic Performance in Rugby Union Players.” Journal of Sports Sciences, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2013, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22938509.
26. Burgess, Katherine E, et al. “Plyometric vs. Isometric Training Influences on Tendon Properties and Muscle Output.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Aug. 2007, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17685695.
27. Jones, Ben, et al. “Muscle Oxygen Changes Following Sprint Interval Cycling Training in Elite Field Hockey Players.” PloS One, Public Library of Science, 25 Mar. 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4373931/.
28. Rief, Harald, et al. “Feasibility of Isometric Spinal Muscle Training in Patients with Bone Metastases under Radiation Therapy - First Results of a Randomized Pilot Trial.” BMC Cancer, BioMed Central, 5 Feb. 2014, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24499460.